Friday, October 30, 2015

Biochemistry tests

A
ALT - Alanine Aminotransferase
  •  Liver disease
  • Reference range: 20 - 60 IU/L

AST - Aspartate Aminotransferase (or SGOT)
  • Cardiac or skeletal muscle disease

Albumin (Alb) - protein made by the liver.
  • Liver disorder, Kidney disease, Nutritional status

ALP - Alkaline phosphatase test
  • Liver disease and bone disorder, detect block bile duct.
  • (GGT test is used to differentiate between liver disease and bone disorder)




B
BUN - Blood Urea Nitrogen
  • evaluate the kidney function

Bilirubin 
  • Jaundice, liver disease, hemolytic anemia, blocked bile ducts
  • 2 Forms : 
    • Unconjugated bilirubin - converted from released heme of hemoglobin and carried to liver by protein.
      • Total bilirubin level - Direct bilirubin level = Indirect level of unconjugated bilirubin.
    • Conjugated bilirubin - sugar attached bilirubin which formed in liver.
      • Direct bilirubin test: detect water-soluble form of conjugated bilirubin.





C
Creatinine - waste product resulted from breakdown of creatine by the muscles.
  • evaluate kidney function


CRP - (C-reactive protein)
  • "Marker" of inflammation in body
  • Monitor inflammatory disease activity, detect postoperative and neonatal infections and assess transplant rejection


CK - (Creatine Kinase)
  • Skeletal and heart muscles disease
  • Reference range: 30 - 225 IU/mL
  • Isoenzyme:
    • CK-BB  (CK-1)
    • CK-MB (CK-2)
      • More sensitive marker for heart injury because has lower basal level and a narrower normal range
      • Reference range: 0 - 5 ng/mL
    • CK-MM (CK-3)
Cholesterol
  • Heart disease
  • Reference range: below 200 mg/dL for adult



G
GGT - gamma-glutamyl transferase
  • elevated only when there is bile duct disease or liver disease.





L
LDH - ( Lactate dehydrogenase)
  • Cellular or tissue injury
  • Reference range: 300 - 600 IU/mL.




P
Potassium serum - abundant cation in intracellular
  • Renal failure ....
  • ( Other factitious causes: In vitro haemolysis, Aged specimen,... )  
  • Reference range: 3.6 to 5.0 mEq/L.

Phosphorus
  • diagnose or monitor treatment which will affect the phosphorus level.




S
 Sodium serum - abundant cation in extracellular
  • Hyponatremia ( Electrolyte abnormality/ Unbalanced serum osmolality)
  • Reference range: 134 - 144 mEq/L.




(Specimen requirement : blood within SST tube.)

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